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The green streak is a meteor which rotated during it's entry from upper left downward in this view. The meteor was a member of the Orionid meteor shower, which peaks around October 21 each year. The meteors appear to radiate from the northern part of the constellation of Orion, off the top-left of this image. The main part of the constellation Orion is shown here, with the red-giant star Betelgeuse at upper left and the hot blue star Rigel at lower right. In the middle of the image are the 3 bright blue stars making up the belt of Orion, the Hunter, and below the belt are 3 stars making the sword of Orion. In the sword is the Great Nebula in Orion, M42, and M43, which is visible to the unaided eye as a fuzzy patch, and intricate detail and colors can be seen in modest sized amateur telescopes. Below the left star of Orion's belt is the Horsehead nebula, which is visible in amateur telescopes from dark sites. The large pink arc on the left side of the image is Barnard's loop. The reds and pinks are emissions from hydrogen. Blues are reflection nebulae. Rigel's light illuminates the Witch Head nebula in the lower right, a reflection nebula. This image was made with a stock digital camera and processed to bring out the wonderful colors in the region. Stars to about magnitude 17 were recorded.
Technical. This image is a portion of a 7-frame mosaic, obtained with a Canon EOS 6D Mark II DSLR Camera and Sigma 105mm f/1.4 DG HSM Art Lens at f/1.4 and ISO 1600, 30 second exposures and many exposure stacked at each mosaic position. No dark frame subtraction, no flat fields. Tracking with a Fornax Lightrack II and no guiding.
This section of the mosaic is composed of two positions: left to right: 61 frames (30.5 minutes), 22 frames (11 minutes). The 61-frame position was centered on the constellation Orion, and short exposures were made for the bright M42 region: 7 frames at 8 seconds, 8 frames at 3 seconds and 6 frames at 1 second were stacked.
The total exposure for these two frames was 42.9 minutes. The full resolution image plate scale is 11.2 arc-seconds per pixel and the scale here is 1/4 that, 44.8 arc-seconds per pixel, or slightly lower resolution than normal human eyesight for bright scenes.
Post processing: Raw conversion with Rawtherapee with settings tuned for astrophotos, including maintaining star color in saturated stars. Rawtherapee processing settings described here. Output color space was Rec.2020 to match the future of high dynamic range TVs and the web presentation here is sRGB. Look for a future article on this topic. Stretched with rnc-color-stretch. Also see Astrophotography Image Processing Basic Work Flow.
This is a natural color image. The high dynamic range of astrophotos must be stretched to bring out the range of details the camera recorded. But the typical image stretch process loses color for brighter subjects (e.g. stars and the brighter parts of deep sky objects become whiter as they are made brighter). This image uses a new algorithm that does not lose color during the stretch. The new algorithm enables fainter details to be shown and with less noise. Learn about the new software and download it free (open source) here: rnc-color-stretch. Accurate color at the low end depends on accurately subtracting airglow and light pollution. On this night, the airglow was very high, and the amount and color of the airglow was changing rapidly, and varied significantly between frames. This made assembling the mosaic difficult.
The Exposure Factors, CEF, CEFA are measures of the relative amounts of light received from a subject. It can be used to fairly compare wildly different lens/telescope apertures and exposure times. For this image:
Modern DSLRs like the 6D Mark II include on sensor dark current suppression and low fixed pattern noise at ISOs around 1600 and higher, making no need for dark frame subtraction. Modern raw converters correct for light fall-off and also correct for hot/dead/stuck pixels. This makes processing low light images easy: simply align and average.
To learn how to obtain stunning images like this, please visit my Extensive Articles on Photography .
Keywords to this image = astrophoto-1 meteor Messier nebula night low-light digital_astro canon_6D2
Image ID: orion-105mm-7pos-mosaic-rs20-rs12,sc1.c10.20.2018.h-c3-0.25xs.jpg
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Last updated September 05, 2024